cal
From Mac Guides
cal is a Terminal program used to display a 1-month or 1-year calendar.
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Examples
To show this month's calendar
cal
To show 2005's year calendar
cal 2005
...or...
cal -y
To show the calendar for October, 1972
cal 10 1972
To show the month of "Gregorian Reform" in 1752, where they dropped several days in order to synchronize the world's calendars.
cal 9 1752
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Man Page Excerpt
cal displays a simple calendar. If arguments are not specified, the current month is displayed.

